Flights considered in this AIC shall be carried out in conformity with the regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.The AIC does not address military air force of B&H and European Stabilization Forces (EUFOR) flights, and they are therefore not subject to the limitations stated therein.

Available aeronautical publications and maps necessary to conduct VFR flights can be obtained from the following address:

Detailed information and specific requirements necessary for the conduct of VFR flights can be obtained at ARO at the following aerodromes.

Aeronautical information is available in English and in one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and can be obtained:

• in writing
• by phone

Flight plans are also submitted to the above mentioned ARO.

Within Bosnia and Herzegovina, the airspace is classified as C, D, E (*controlled) and G (*uncontrolled). Airspace classes A, B and F have not been established.

Note: See document "Ministerial Order on Rules of Air" ("Official Gazette No 52/13), Article 50., (3), (4)

Aircraft, helicopters, motor sailboats, sailboats, airship and unnamed free balloon with crew must be equipped with one VHF transceiver in the frequency range from 117,975 MHz to 137 MHz, which are required to performed planned flight (VFR lights).Aircraft flying above flight level 195 will be equipped with 8,33 kHz frequency transceivers. Communication equipment is mandatory for flying in the airspace class C, D, E and G and for flying at night.
In addition to communication equipment, aircraft flying according to visual flight rules, and flying takes place in controlled airspace class C, and at night in TMA Sarajevo, shall be equipped with one SSR transponder.
Aircraft performing VFR flights in controlled airspace predetermined by the air traffic control service shall be equipped with navigation and communication equipment in accordance with Article 50. of Ministerial order on Rules of Air. Such flights shall be continuously listened to and monitored by the radio and, at the request of the air traffic control service, report on the position of the aircraft.

VFR flights are conducted in accordance with airspace classification (Appendix 1). Within FIR Sarajevo the following VFR flights are permitted:

• during the hours of daylight;
• during night (NVFR);
• up to FL 200;
• in VMC;
• special VFR (bellow VMC, conditions apply);
• within and outside of the controlled airspace;
• with cruising levels according to the Annex 2, Appendix 3.

"Day" is defined as the period from half an hour before sunrise (SR-30) to half an hour after sunset (SS+30). GAT VFR flights at and below FL 195 shall be conducted:

• in the reserved airspace (temporary reserved airspace or its equivalent);
• in accordance with ATC clearance;
• in accordance with a special arrangement made with the relevant ATC;
• in permanently or temporarily established "corridors" for VFR flights (VFR routes).

Note: There are published VFR chart with recommended VFR routes (corridors) in B&H without "names". GAT VFR flights at altitudes above FL 195 including FL 285 shall be conducted:

• in the reserved airspace (temporary reserved airspace or its equivalent);
• in accordance with the appropriate ATC clearance, subject to a prescribed and published procedure.

En-route GAT VFR flights above FL 195 will not be permitted. GAT VFR flights above FL 290 shall only be approved within the reserved airspace (temporary or equivalent). Rules applicable to a reserved part of airspace at and above FL 290 are not subject to implementation of the reduced vertical separation minimum of 300 m (1000 FT).
Conduct of VFR flights above FL 290 in the airspace where the vertical separation minimum of 300 m (1000 FT) is applied shall not be approved.
During VFR flights in FIR Sarajevo, radio telephone communication is conducted using standard radio telephone communication using the standard RIT phraseology in English or in one of the official languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Entry into/exit from controlled airspace may be conducted upon approval of the relevant ATC and under its Specified conditions only.
Where traffic loads and airspace situation demand so, the appropriate air traffic control service may, to a space and time-limited extent, completely or partially, prohibit the conduct of VFR flights in controlled airspace.

VFR flight may be conducted if meteo conditions are the same as or better than:
1. The provision of Class C is shown below:

Note: The height of transition altitude is 10 000 FT AMSL.

2. The provision of Class D is shown below:

Note: The height of transition altitude is 10 000 FT AMSL.

3. The provision of Class E is shown below:

Note: The height of transition altitude is 10 000 FT AMSL.

4. The provision of Class G is shown below:

Note: The height of transition altitude is 10 000 FT AMSL.

Special VFR Flight is a VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below VMC.
SVFR flights may be conducted:

• during the hours of daylight - day;
• if flight visibility is at least 1500 m;
• as subject to ATC clearance;
• within CTR;
• within CTR - individually only;
• at a speed adjusted to the meteo conditions.

The relevant ATC shall issue approval to conduct SVFR under the following conditions only:

• if traffic situation permits so;
• if the pilot is trained for such flights;
• if the aircraft is equipped with the appropriate radio and navigation equipment;
• if ground visibility is at least 1500m or more, for helicopters 800 m or more;
• if the ceiling is at least 150 m (500 FT).

When performing special VFR flights, the pilot shall adhere to:

• minimum safe altitude;
• minimum meteo conditions according to class "G" airspace values.

In control zones, special VFR (SVFR) flights are separated from other IFR and SVFR flights according to standards applicable to IFR flight separation.

VFR flights above clouds are permitted if:

• the pilot is trained for such flights;
• the aircraft is equipped with a device for radio communication and pilot is certified to conduct air ground communication;
• the pilot is able to adhere to the intended flight route without entering the clouds;
• the approach to the destination aerodrome and landing in VMC are permitted;
• the height above ground or water is at least 300 m (1000 FT) and the visual flight rules as in airspace class "E" are complied with.;

"Night flight" is defined as a flight performed in the period from half an hour after sunset (SS+30) to half an hour before sunrise (SR-30).
VFR flights at night are permitted if following conditions have been met:

• pilot has continuous visual reference to ground;
• ceiling at 1500 ft or more, ground visibility at least 8000 m;
• pilot trained for that kind of flight;
• aircraft are appropriately equipped for NVFR;
• aircraft has suitable radio and navigation equipment;
• transponder is used when flying outside CTR;
• radio communication established in class E and G airspace;
• flight plan has been submitted.

Besides the above conditions and restrictions, the following provisions too shall apply to night flights in the aerodrome or airfield zones:

• the aerodrome has to comply with the conditions for night flights;
• runway lights and obstacle lights have to be visible from every part of the aerodrome zone.

Transition Altitude in FIR Sarajevo is 10000 ft.
On VFR flights at and below 10000 FT MSL the pilot shall set the altimeter to the QNH value of the controlled aerodrome nearest to the route of flight.
At a height above 3000 FT (900 m) MSL or 1000 FT (300 m) over obstacles whichever is the higher, all VFR flights In en-route phase are to be carried out at altitude or flight level corresponding to the semicircular rule (Appendix 3).
At 3000 FT and below all VFR flights are to be carried out at altitude freely selected.
On VFR flights within CTR below 10000 FT, the pilot shall set the altimeter to the QNH value of the respective controlled aerodrome.
On VFR flights at uncontrolled aerodrome or airfields, altimeter shall be set in accordance with respective Aerodrome Operating Instructions.
The actual QNH can be obtained from air traffic control units at controlled aerodrome or FIC Banja Luka.

Restricted and danger areas, and other specially regulated areas, with accurate descriptions, lateral and altitude limits, published in a corresponding aeronautical publication (see NOTAM and AIC). They are active only when notified by NOTAM.

VFR flights within these airspace classes may be conducted as required below:

• Aircraft shall be equipped with appropriate radio navigation equipment;
• Pilot shall be trained for such flights;
• Pilot shall contact the relevant ATC unit at least 5 minutes prior to entering Class C or D Airspace;
• Radio-telephone communication shall be provided in the English language or in one of the official languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina;
• Flights shall be conducted in accordance with ATC instructions and clearances only;
• For a VFR flight conducted through several FIRS or sectors, exchange of information between relevant air traffic control units shall be performed at points and as defined in mutual Letter of Agreements.

For VFR flights, the following are available:

• international aerodromes with organized customs and passport services;
• public airfields for powered aircraft flights and glider flights.

At controlled aerodromes, ATC clearances are required for taxiing, take-off/landing, entering into traffic circuit, etc. All operations shall be conducted in accordance with ATC instructions and clearances, or Visual Approach/ Departure Charts/Procedures, where existing. For more details regarding VFR Approach/Departure Charts, see AIP BIH AD section.

No ATC is provided at such aerodromes/airfields. They are mostly equipped with an air-ground communication station and can be recognized by the call sign "INFO and name of aerodrome/airfield location" (e.g. INFO PRIJEDOR). A flight manager or another person authorized by a flight organizer shall be responsible for the safe and orderly flow of aerodrome traffic.
Info frequency 123.500 MHz

The following minimum flight altitudes apply to VFR flights:

• over towns, and other densely populated areas and assemblies of persons, at least 300 meters (1000 FT) above the highest obstacle within a 600 m radius from the aircraft position;
• in all other cases at least 150 m (500 FT) above ground or water.

Glider flights are permitted:

• during the hours of daylight - day;
• in VMC;
• within uncontrolled airspace;
• within controlled airspace.

In favorable weather conditions, such flights may be conducted above Class E and G airspace with prior coordination with and approval from relevant ATC. Pilots shall maintain listening watch of a frequency assigned by the relevant ATS and comply with the given instructions.

The same rules as for power-driven glider flights apply for motor gliders with running engines.

The operation of hang- and paraglider is permitted:

• during the hours of daylight - day;
• in VMC;
• outside controlled airspace;
• within Class E Airspace ONLY with a special approval by the Civil Aviation Directorate and acceptance by relevant ATC service.

Parachute jumping is permitted:

• during the hours of daylight - day;
• in VMC;
• outside controlled airspace;
• within controlled airspace ONLY with the approval of relevant ATC.

Free ballooning is permitted:

• during the hours of daylight - day;
• in VMC;
• outside controlled airspace;
• within controlled airspace ONLY with the approval of relevant ATC and mandatory ascent announcement at least one hour prior to ascent.

The operation of ultra-light aircraft is permitted:

• during the hours of daylight - day;
• in VMC;
• outside controlled airspace;
• within Class E Airspace ONLY with the approval of relevant ATC.

Acrobatic Flights are permitted:

• during the hours of daylight - day;
• in VMC;
• outside controlled airspace;
• within controlled airspace ONLY with the approval of relevant ATC;
• above 500 m (1700 FT) GND.

Compulsory and Recommended Equipment:

Aircraft, helicopters, motor gliders, gliders, air ships and free balloons with crew shall for VFR flights be equipped with one VHF transceiver covering at least those frequencies in the frequency range from 1 17.975 MHz to 137.000 MHz which are required to conduct a planned flight, except for flights by day in uncontrolled airspace and at uncontrolled aerodromes and airfields.
Aircraft conducting flights above FL 195 must be equipped with transceivers with a channel spacing capability of 8.33 kHz.
Radio communication is compulsory:

• for flights conducted in Class C and D;
• for flights conducted at night - night flights.

It should have the ability to transmit A and C modes:

• Mode A 2000 ("ICAO countries, SQUAWK 2000 when entering the area of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) from the area without SSR which is used as an uncontrolled IFR fights
• ICAO countries, SQUAWK 7000 - VFR standard SQUAWK when no other code is assigned.

• for flights arriving at/departing from controlled airports;
• for flights entering the Class C and D airspace;
• for VFR flights crossing FIR boundary - international VFR flights;
• for night flights.

• to Mode A 7700 - emergencies;
• to Mode A 7600 - two-way radio communication failure;
• to Mode A 7500 - hijacking.

The use of a GPS receiver is recommended.

An ELT is recommended on board all VFR aircraft. Pilots of aircraft equipped with an Emergency Locator Transmitter are responsible to examine the operational status of the device before each take-off and landing in order to avoid false alerts due to mishandling, pilot negligence or hard landing, shock damage during ground manoeuvring, acrobatic flights, etc. If for some reason, after an emergency landing, the emergency landing location shall be evacuated / abandoned, the passengers must take the ELT with them. The search for people has priority over the search for aircraft.

If a pilot is experiencing in-flight difficulties with the aircraft, he must inform the appropriate ATC (FIC, TWR, APP, ACC) of the type of the problem, degree of danger, actions he is undertaking or going to undertake in order to reduce or eliminate the danger, as well as of the type of assistance if possible and necessary. The pilots can use frequency 121.500 MHz

Meteorological information for VFR Flights is normally supplied upon request by a pilot or its organisation by telephone or as briefing directly in the Meteorological Office or Meteorological Watch Office. Issuance of documentation for flight crew members are provided at Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Mostar and Tuzla International airports during the airports opening hours. For the safety of air traffic, the meteorological service maintains an area meteorological watch and warning service. The service of a continuous weather watch within the FIR and the issuance of appropriate information (SIGMET, AIRMET) are provided by Meteorological Watch Office Banja Luka.
Meteorological information for VFR Flights (General aviation) is provided at the following aerodromes:

Personal briefing and consultation for flight crew members are provided at Banja Luka (H24) and at Sarajevo during the airports opening hours. Briefing and consultation for flight crew members for Mostar and Tuzla are provided from Banja Luka.

Meteorological information consists flight documentation and/or briefing and consultation. The pilot shall state category of flight rules (VFR/IFR), destination, route and flying time and altitude. Meteorological flight documentation consists of:

• METAR/SPECI for aerodrome of departure, destination and alternate aerodromes;
• TAF for aerodrome of departure, destination and alternate aerodromes;
• SIGWX charts and upper-wind/temperature charts;
• GAMET (area forecast for low level flights);
• SIGMET and SPECIAL AIREP en route;
• AIRMET en route.

Briefing consists of oral explanation of the actuat and forecasted meteorological conditions for the area/route to be flown, supplemented by available satellite and radar pictures as follows:

• meteorological synopsis;
• surface wind;
• surface visibility;
• upper wind and temperature;
• clouds (amount, type and height);
• weather;
• freezing level
• turbulence;
• icing;
• landing/aerodrome forecast;

Documentation is supplemented by the information about meteorological information and forecast for the aerodrome of departure, arrival and alternative aerodrome.

MWO Banja Luka issues eGAFOR forecasts with impact on VFR routes, for low level flights, up to FL 100 for Sarajevo FIR. eGAFOR include forecast following hazardous MET elements: Turbulence, CB distribution, Cloudiness (BKN/OVC), Visibility and Freezing precipitation. eGAFOR products are available at web page www.egafor.eu Validity time of eGAFOR forecasts is 6 hours and it is divided into three 2-hourly intervals.

ARO provides all documents necessary for flight planning and performs flight plan handling and distribution. Basic documents for pre-flight planning and conduct of VFR flights are:

• Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
• AIC
• AIP SUP
• NOTAM
• special regulations

For provision of flight information service within the uncontrolled airspace class "G" of FIR Sarajevo is responsible and accountable Flight Information Center Banja Luka under the conditions and limitations specified in the following table:

All Air traffic services units providing services within FIR Sarajevo shall participate in the provision of alerting services for all flights for which a flight plan has been filed or ATC clearance issued or which are otherwise known to ATS. The relevant ATS shall, immediately after having learned that the aircraft is in the state of emergency, alert and assists the Rescue Coordination Centre of Bosnia and Herzegovina (RCC Banja Luka) which shall then declare specific stages of emergency depending on the degree of emergency that the aircraft is experiencing and initiate a SAR as required.

For the provision of air traffic control services in FIR Sarajevo are responsible and accountable:

• aerodrome control (TWR);
• approach control service (APP);
• area control service (ACS).

Unit	Area	Frequency	Vertical limits	Type of service
Sarajevo	CTR Sarajevo	118.250 MHz	GND / 6500 FT AMSL	TWR, ADV, ADI
Banja Luka	CTR Banja Luka	133.075 MHz	GND / 5500 FT AMSL	TWR, ADV, ADI
Mostar	CTR Mostar	125.550 MHz	GND / 6500 FT AMSL	TWR, ADV, ADI
Tuzla	CTR Tuzla	132.925 MHz	GND / 5500 FT AMSL	TWR, ADV, ADI

Aerodrome control services

Unit	Area	Frequency	Vertical limits	Type of service
Sarajevo	TMA	136.450 MHz	1000 FT AGL / FL 205	APS/RAD
Banja Luka	TMA	133.075 MHz	1000 FT AGL / FL 125	APP
Mostar	TMA	120.225 MHz	1500 FT AGL / FL 145	APP
Tuzla	TMA	120.350 MHz	1500 FT AGL / FL 145	APP

Unit	Area	Frequency	Vertical limits	Type of service
RCC Banja Luka	FIR Sarajevo			Search and Rescue

Sarajevo FIR covers the airspace over entire Bosnia and Herzegovina territory and territorial waters. Within the airspace of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 9500 FT AMSL to FL 660 the responsibility for ATS provision is delegated to Croatia Control Ltd, ATCC Zagreb in the airspace west of line defined by the following coordinates:

450912N 0170950E - 450804N 0170912E - 450342N 0170647E - 445753N 0170334E - 445013N 0170011E -

444235N 0165729E - 443522N 0165457E - 443254N 0165405E - 441813N 0164859E - 435234N 0164016E -

along the border areas of flight information (Zagreb FIR/Sarajevo FIR) - 450912N 0170950E.

(Excluding TMA Banja Luka.)

The airspace is classified as class C.

Within the airspace of Bosnia and Herzegovina from FL 155 to FL 660 the responsibility for ATS provision is delegated to Croatia Control Ltd., ATCC Zagreb south-west of line defined by the following coordinates:

430230N 0173942E - 425336N 0175710E - 424808N 0180750E - 423500N 0183311E -

along the border areas of flight information (Beograd FIR and Sarajevo FIR) -

along the border areas of flight information (Zagreb FIR/Sarajevo FIR) - 430230N 0173942E.

The airspace is classified as class C.

Within the airspace of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 9500 FT AMSL to FL 155 the responsibility for ATS provision is delegated to Croatia Control Ltd., ATCC Zagreb south-west of line defined by the following coordinates:

425336N 0175710E - 424808N 0180750E - 423500N 0183311E -

along the border areas of flight information (FIR Beograd and FIR Sarajevo) -

along the border areas of flight information (FIR Zagreb/FIR Sarajevo) -

425135N 0175134E - 425336N 0175710E.

The airspace is classified as class D.

Within the airspace of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1500 FT AMSL to FL 155 the responsibility for ATS provision is delegated to Croatia Control Ltd., ATCC Zagreb in the airspace south-west of line defined by the following coordinates:

425758N 0174115E - 425330N 0174728E -

west Along the border areas of flight information (FIR Sarajevo/FIR Zagreb) -

425758N 0174115E.

This airspace is classified as class D.

Within the airspace of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 9500 FT to FL 660 the responsibility for ATS provision is delegated to SMATSA east line defined by the following coordinates:

444114N 0191756E - 443547N 0190618E - 440812N 0191049E - 434624N 0191430E - 433154N 0190840E -

along the border areas of flight information between the Republic of Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina -

433049N 0185523E - 432838N 0184714E - 432055N 0184155E - 430834N 0183329E - 425944N 0182954E -

the border areas of flight information between the Republic of Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina -

423500N 0183311E - horizontally to the border areas of flight information between the Republic of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This airspace is classified as Class C.
Note: Also check Republic of Croatia publications.

When the following terms are used in the International Standards for Rules of the Air, they have the following meanings:

Acrobatic flight. Manoeuvres intentionally performed by an aircraft involving an abrupt change in its altitude, an abnormal attitude, or an abnormal variation in speed.

Advisory airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions, or designated route, within which air traffic advisory service is available

Advisory route. A designated route along which air traffic advisory service is available.

Aerodrome. A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.

Aerodrome control service. Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.

Aerodrome control tower. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome traffic.

Aerodrome traffic. All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome.

Aerodrome traffic zone. An airspace of defined dimensions established around an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic.

Aeronautical Information (AIP). A publication issued by or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation.

Aircraft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the other than the reactions of the air against the earth's surface.

Air traffic. All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome.

Air traffic control clearance. Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit.

Air traffic control service. A service provided for the purpose of:

• preventing collisions between aircraft, and on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions, and
• expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.

Air traffic control unit. A generic term meaning variously, area control centre, approach control unit or aerodrome control tower.

Air traffic service. A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service).

Air traffic sevices reporting office. A unit established for the purpose of receiving reports concerning air traffic services and flight plans submitted before departure.

Air traffic services unit. A generic term meaning variously, air traffic control unit. flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office.

Airway. A control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor.

Alerting service. A service provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required.

Alternate aerodrome. An aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of intended landing.

Altitude. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level (MSL).

Approach control service. Air traffic control service for arriving or departing controlled flights.

Apron. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance.

Area control centre. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights in control areas under its jurisdiction.

ATS route. A specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic service.

Ceiling. The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6000 meters (20000 FT) covering more than half the sky.

Control area. A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth.

Controlled aerodrome. An aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic.

Controlled airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification.

Controlled flight. Any flight which is subject to an air traffic control clearance.

Controlled zone. A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit.

Cruising level. A level maintained during significant portion of flight.

Danger area. An airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at a specified time.

Estimated time of arrival. For IFR flights, the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over that designated point, defined by reference to navigation aids, from which it is intended that an instrument approach procedure will be commenced, or, if no navigation aid is associated with the aerodrome, the time at which the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome. For VFR flights, the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome.

Expected approach time. The time at which ATC expects that an arriving aircraft, following a delay, will leave the holding fix to complete its approach for landing.

Flight information centre. A unit established to provide flight information service and alerting service.

Flight information region. An airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information service and alerting service is provided.

Flight information service. A service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.

Flight level. A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum, 101312 hectopascal (hPa), and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals.

Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft.

Flight visibility. The visibility forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight.

Ground visibility. The visibility at an aerodrome, as reported by an accredited observer or by automatic systems.

Heading. The direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed, usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic, compass or grid).

Height. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from specified datum.

IFR. The symbol used to designate the instrument flight rules.

IFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the instrument flight rules.

IMC. The symbol used to designate instrument meteorological conditions.

Instrument flight procedure. A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply.

Instrument meteorological conditions. Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than the minima specified for visual meteorological conditions.

Level. A generic term relating to the vertical position of an aircraft in flight and meaning variously, height, altitude or flight level.

Manoeuvring area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons.

Pilot-in-command. The pilot designated by the operator, or in a case of general aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight.

Prohibited area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited.

Reporting point. A specified geographical location in relation to which the position of an aircraft can be reported.

Restricted area. An airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a State, within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions.

Runway. A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft.

Runway-holding position. A designated position intended to protect a runway, an obstacle limitation surface, or an ILS/MLS critical/sensitive area at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold, unless otherwise authorized by the aerodrome control tower.

Special VFR flight. A VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below VMC.

Taxiing. Movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome under its own power, excluding take-off and landing.

Taxiway. A defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome an another.

Terminal control area. A control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes.

Track. The projection on the earth's surface of the path of an aircraft, the direction of which path at any point is usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic or grid).

Traffic information. Information issued by an air traffic services unit to alert a pilot to other known or observed air traffic which may be in proximity to the position or intended route of flight and to help the pilot to avoid a collision.

Transition altitude. The altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes

Unmanned free balloon. A non-power-driven, unmanned, lighter-than-air aircraft in free flight.

VFR. The symbol used to designate the visual flight rules.

VFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the visual flight rules.

Visibility. Visibility for aeronautical purposes is the greater of:

• the greatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions, situated near the ground, can be seen and recognized when observed against a bright background;
• the greatest distance at which lights in the vicinity of 1000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit background.

Visual meteorological conditions. Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified minima.